Objective:To explore the MULTIFOCAL ELECTRORETINOGRAM in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy with clinically-significant macular edema. Methods: Forty-one eyes with clinically significant macular edema were tested. The latencies and amplitudes of average responses of 5 eccentric rings from 0 to 26 degrees relative to the fixation point were compared with normal values obtained from 13 nondiabetic subjects. Results: Local ELECTRORETINOGRAM responses were significantly delayed and decreased in amplitude in patients with clinically-significant macular edema.  Conclusion: MULTIFOCAL ELECTRORETINOGRAM can be used to quantify the visual function in clinically significant macular edema.  

Data suggest that the MULTIFOCAL electroretinography (mfERG) may have a role in the assessment of patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). To explore the mfERG responses in patients with CRVO. mfERG responses were recorded at 61 discrete retinal locations from both eyes of 25 patients diagnosed with retinal vein occlusions within 3 weeks of onset. The latencies and amplitudes of average responses of 5 eccentric rings from 0 to 26 degrees relative to fixation, and grouped central and peripheral rings of involved eyes were compared with values obtained from 13 normal fellow eyes of these subjects. The mfERG responses obtained from eyes with CRVO were significantly different from those derived from the fellow eye, especially when the rings are grouped as central and peripheral. mfERG is a new, safe, non-invasive, and quick investigative tool to assess retinal function. Our results suggest that mfERG could be a useful electrophysiologic test in clinical evaluation and determination of the severity of underlying ischemia in patients with retinal vein occlusion. Further studies are needed to evaluate its role as a prognostic method to determine which eyes are prone to serious complications. This is the first report of mfERG results in Iran.

Purpose: To evaluate ELECTRORETINOGRAM (ERG) changes after silicone oil removal.Methods: Scotopic and photopic ERGs, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were checked before and shortly after silicone oil removal in eyes that had previously undergone vitrectomy and silicone oil injection for complex retinal detachment. Preand postoperative ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes were compared.Results: Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients including 20 male and 8 female subjects with mean age of 39.3 ± 0.06 (range, 12 to 85) years were studied. Mean interval from primary vitreoretinal surgery to silicone oil removal was 21.04 ± 0.52 (range, 7 to 39) months. Mean duration from silicone oil removal to second ERG was 13.04 ± 1.75 (range, 10 to 16) days. Before silicone oil removal, mean a-wave amplitudes in maximal combined response, rod response and cone response ERGs were 27.4 ± 19.9, 7.2 ± 4.5 and 5.5 ± 3.4 mv, respectively. These values increased to 48.8 ± 31.9, 15.1 ± 14.4 and 17.4 ± 22.2 mv, respectively after silicone oil removal (P<0.001). Mean b-wave amplitudes in the same order, were 69.41 ± 51, 41.2 ± 30.4 and 25.1 ± 33.9 mv before silicone oil removal, increasing to 165.6 ± 102.5, 81.7 ± 53.7 and 44.7 ± 34.1 mv respectively, after silicone oil removal (P<0.001). Mean BCVA significantly improved from 1.10 ± 0.34 at baseline to 1.02 ± 0.33 logMAR after silicone oil removal (P<0.001).Conclusion: The amplitudes of ERG a- and b-waves under scotopic and photopic conditions increased significantly shortly after silicone oil removal. An increase in BCVA was also observed. These changes may be explained by the insulating effect of silicone oil on the retina.

In this case report we introduce 9 years old boy who had suffered recurrent bone infections including the sternum, clavicles, navicular bone, distal radius and proximal tibia since the age of 5. In every instance the diagnosis of infectious ostemyelitis was made and antibiotic therapy was instituted to which the patient did not respond. More over all the cultures taken from the affected sites were negative for bacteria, fungi and mycobacteria, and all the immunological tests which were based on the probable diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease or other immune deficiencies proved to be negative. After being diagnosed as a case of CRMO treatment with NSAIDs successfully controlled the disease process. In 7 months follow up no new exacerbation was noted.

Introduction: Cyclosporine A is prescribed as an immunosuppressive agent in many diseases. One of the side effects of cyclosporine is visual disturbances and retinal damage. Different methods are available to investigate the damage to the retina, the best of which is the ELECTRORETINOGRAM technique. In this study, the effects of cyclosporine on the retina of patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied.Methods: In this observational study, which was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study, 55 patients with cyclosporine due to rheumatoid arthritis in 2012-2014 were randomly selected and subjected to electroretinography and voltage and delay phase were determined and compared with the normal range. The results were analyzed by means of statistical analysis of variance. Significant level was set at 0.05.Results: The average recorded voltage in ERG was 74.7 with a standard deviation of 29.79, which showed a statistically significant difference from normal value of 125 (P=0.0001). The mean recorded latency was 33.9 with a standard deviation of 3.58, which means no significant difference from normal value of 32.39 (P=0.545).Conclusion: Based on the results, it is concluded that the use of cyclosporine significantly reduces the voltage recorded in the ELECTRORETINOGRAM, but does not affect the latency phase. Therefore, patients taking this medicine should continue their treatment according to the ophthalmologist.